Calculating-machine.



No. 706,|80. Patented Aug. 5, I902.

I. HULTMAN.

CALCULATING MACHINE.

(Application led Dec. 16, 1901.)

No. 706,I80.

Patented Aug. 5, |902. I. HULTMAN.

GALCULATING MACHINE.

(Application filed Dec. 16, 1801.)

3 Sheets-#Sheet 2.

(no muy.)

mohawvaa;

No. 706,}80. Patented Aug. 5, |902.

|. HULTMAN.

CALCULATING MACHINE.

(Application med Dec. 16, 1901], (No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 3.

UNITED STATES PATENT OEEICE.

IVAR I'ILTMAN, OF STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN, ASSIGNOR OF ONE-HALF ',lO ADOLFMAGNUS JOHANSON, OF STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN.

CALcULATlNe-MACHINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 706,180, dated August5, 1902.

Application filed December 16,1901v Serial No. 86,102. (No model.)

T0 @ZZ whom t may concern:

Be it known that I, Ivan I-IULTMAN, a resident of Stockholm, in theKingdom of Sweden, have invented certain new and useful Improvements inOalculating-lifachines, of which the following is a specification.

The invention relates to a calculating-machine for the four rules ofarithmetic, and has for its object to avoid certain disadvantages, suchas miscalculation and unmanageableness, to which similar machines now inuse are often liable.

The improved machine has four horizontal axles. In the following the oneof them is designed as driving or crank axle and the three others ascontrolling-axle, intermediate axle, and carryingaxle, respectively. Thewheels on driving-axle (driving-wheels) arefixed to the axle and willthus partake in the movement when the axle is rotated by means ofacrank. The other Wheels (called controlling, intermediate, and carryingwheels) are loose on their axles and can thus be rotated independently.The controlling-axle and intermediate axle are, as usually, mounted in acarriage, which can be shifted in a direction parallel to the axles andeventually also turned on a separate axle parallel to the other axles.The drivingwheels are provided with nine movable cogs or teeth, whichcan be locked in suitable (Working or resting) position. Said wheelsbear also two series of fixed cogs or teeth, the one series being usedfor addition and multiplication, the other for subtraction and division.The movable teeth or levers a (shown in Fig. 1)-2'. e., those of thembeing in workingposition-act upon the controlling- Wheels when thedriving-wheels are rotated, and said controlling-wheels always mesh withthe intermediate wheels. The latter bear one or more arms or tappets,which act upon the corresponding carrying-wheels or upon arms or tappetsfixed to the latter. The carrying-wheels are alsoW turned directly bythe fixed teeth of driving-wheels; but engagement with saiddriving-wheels cannot take place unless the carrying-wheel is previouslyturned a little through the correspondingintermediate wheel by means ofsaid arms or tappets. For this purpose the teeth of each carrying-wheelare preferably disposed in groups or series separated by spaces ofgreater width than the usual spaces, and one of these wide spaces facestoward the driving-axle when the .crank is in its starting position.Besides, the parts are so disposed that the fixed teeth of thedriving-wheels do not reach the carrying-wheels before the movable teethhave already passed the controlling-wheels. rlhe number of fixed teethin each series on the driving-wheels is not less than the number ofteeth in each group on the carryingwheels in order that the latter whenengaged with the driving-wheels may always be turned a whole group or adistance between two wide spaces by a full turn of the crank, so that awide space will again stop opposite thel crank-axle, and thus furtherturning of the carrying-Wheel directly by means of the driving-wheelswill be impossible unless said carrying-wheel is previously brought intoworking position by help of the corresponding intermediate wheel and thetappets stated above. Other arms or tappets fixed to the carrying-wheelsact upon the next controlling-wheel or intermediate wheel to the left orupon a wheel fixed to either of them and perform the carrying when thecarrying-wheels are turned directly by means of the driving-wheels. Thefigure disks showing the sum, rest, and product may be mounted on thecontrolling-axle or upon the intermediate axle and may be fixed to thecorresponding controlling-wheels or intermediate wheels or to separatewheels meshing with them, the result appearing, as usually, in suitableapertures in the casing. The quotient is shown by separate figure-disksmounted on the controlling-axle or the intermediate axle or a separateaxle having bearings in the carriage, said disks showing' the number ofturns made by the crank-axle.

Figure 1 is a front elevation of a calculating-machine constructedaccording` to this invention, the front part of the casing being takenaway, so as to show the mechanism uncovered. For the sake of clearnessalso the controlling-axle and intermediate axle and two driving-wheelsare partly broken away. The movable teeth are shown on one driving-whecl only, and the figures are d rawn IOO only on some of the tiguredisks. Of the braking device only the Wheels are shown. Fig. 2 is avertical cross-section seen from the right. Figs. 3, 4, and 5 show meansfor bringing the movable teeth into and out of Working position.

The last-named mechanism consists therein that the movable teeth areconstructed as radial levers a, turnable in axial planes and acted uponby concentric ribs b c or such like formed on the inside of a lid d,which is turnable upon the driving-axle n and serves as cover on acylindric box, Within which the levers are loosely mounted, said boxforming the body of the driving-wheel. The levers are guided in slots ein the cylindric side wall ot' the box and in notches gin a rib f,formed on the inside of the bottom of' said box between and parallelwith the ribs b c of the lid. The bottom of said rib fenters atransverse groove or incurvation on the levers, whereby radialdisplacement of the latter is prevented. The one ond of each rib b@forms an inclined plane, and these ends lie at the same radius, asshown in Fig. 5, so that the one rib will engage with the levers whenthe other rib releases said levers. The lids d are turned by pointers orhandles 7L, projecting through slots formed in the front portion of thecasing of the machine, and are locked in any given positionrelatively-the corresponding driving-Wheel, for instance-by means of aspring-bolt '17, loosely placed in a radial socket in the central partor hub ot the Wheel and engaging with a series of notches or teethprovided on the turnable lid. Fig. 3 is a side View of a driving-wheel,the upper half being shown in section for uncovering the levers d. Fig.4 is a cross-section of` a driving-wheel. Fig. 5 is a li'd el, seen fromthe edge.

The ixed teeth k, Which may be formed on the periphery of the box ofdriving-Wheel or on a separate disk or Wheel fixed to the latter, lie inthe same vertical plane as the corresponding carrying-Wheel m. In theillustrated example the carrying-Wheels -have tWo teeth in each groupand the driving-Wheels two teeth in each series. The last tooth in eachseries is enlarged in peripherical direction and may be common to bothseries, as shown. The object of this enlarged tooth is to stop therotation of the carrying-Wheel in the right moment, and thus absolutelyprevent it from being thrown over into Working position after it hasreached free position. The corresponding series of fixed teeth on thedifferent driving-Wheels are not situated right opposite each other, butare a little displaced, so that first the units-driving Wheel, then thetens-Wheel, then the'hundreds-Wheel, and so on Willengage with thecorresponding carrying-Wheel in order to avoid two or more simultaneouscarryings,which Would increase the resistance and render the handling ofthe machine more difficult.

The number of teeth on the controllingwheels a and on the intermediateWheels r,

meshing with the same, may be ten or a multiple of ten. When the numberis ten, as shown in the drawings, each intermediate Wheel should haveonly one arm or tappet s, Which once for each full turn of said wheelengages with a tappet i on the corresponding carrying Wheel. As thelatter has three groups of teeth, the tappet t is three-armed. Eachcarrying-Wheel is provided also with another three-armed tappet Z, Whichmay act upon the next controlling-Wheel or interino* diate Wheel,although in the form shown on the drawings it is disposed so as to actupon an extra Wheel u, fixed to the intermediate Wheel.

The braking device for stopping the controlling and intermediate Wheelsin right positions may be of every suitable construction and does notJform any part of this invention. In the example illustrated it consistsof angular levers w, (not shown in Fig. 1,) acted upon by springs andengaging With the teeth of said wheels r. For stopping the movement ofthe carrying-Wheels there may be used similar or other devices-forinstance, Wheels p, (not shown in Fig. 2,) fixed to the same andengaging with spring-levers q. (Not shown in Fig. l.)

The controlling` and intermediate axles have bearings in the ends ot'the carriage and are, besides, supported by intermediate bearings y', soas to evitate bending or swaging of the same.

In the illustrated form of the machine the figure-disks showing the sum,rest, and product are fixed to the intermediate Wl1eels,\vl1ile thenumeral-disks showing the quotient and the number of turns (up to nine)made by the crank are mounted on the controlling-axle. The latter disksare fastened each to a gear x, and one by one oi said gears (shown inFig. l) may by shifting the carriage be broughtinto engagement with agearg/,mounted on a separate short axle which is secured to a separatesupport t" on the stationary frame and acted upon b v a stud on thedriving-shaft o. The number of teeth on these gears is preferably soproportioned that the figure-disk Will rotate one-eighteenth turn forevery full turn ot the driving-axle. After nine turns of the crank thusthe figuredisk has made only a half-turn. The periphery of said disks onthe controlling-axle is provided with the figure series O l 2 3 4 5 G 78 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 l, so that the number of turns of the crank in eitherdirection Will be indicated. The figures on the disks on the other axleshould correspond in number to the teeth on the Wheels n or 7'. Thus ifthe latter are ten-teethed the disks should bear the figure series O l 23 4 5 6 7 3 9.

Before the beginning of an operation the figure-disks should be broughtto their original position, so that only the figure O will appear in theapertures of the casing. This turning of the disks may be eiected by anysuitable means-for instance, by small taproo IIO

pets fastened on the axle and engaging with the disks or their wheelswhen the axle is displaced a little in its longitudinal direction, sothat lche disks will partake in the turning of the displaced axle, butare free to rotate on the axle when the latter is not displaced.

By addition and multiplication the crank should be turned forward, butby subtraction and division backward.

The adding of, say, twenty-seven to fortythree may be performed asfollows: At first the one addendum-for instance, twentyseven-is set upby moving the pointer h of the lid d of the units-driving wheel to theiigure 7 and the tens-pointer to the iigure 2 of the usual figure seriesprovided on the casing along the slots through which the pointersproject, so that seven levers a of the units-wheel and two levers orteeth of the tens-wheel are brought into Working position. Then thecrank is moved a full turn, so that the corresponding wheels n and r aremoved seven-tenths and two-tenths turn, respectively, thus causing thefigure-disks on the intermediate axle to show the addendum 27 in theapertures. Now the other addendum is set up by moving the units-pointerto 3 and the tens-pointer to et, and the crank is moved forward a fullturn again, so that the sum '707 appears in the apertures. By thissecond turn of the crank the units-carrying Wheel m is brought intoworking position and is thus caused to make one-third turn by engagementwith the driving-wheel, so that one arm of the tappet Zis caused to movethe tensgure disk one-tenth turn corresponding the carrying, thethree-tenths turn of the unitsdisk and the four-tenths turn of thetens-disk being performed by means of the levers a previous to saidcarrying.

It makes no difference if you begin with the addendum forty-threeinstead of twenty-four. It is also equal if the tens-pointer is movedbefore the units-pointer, or vice versa.

By subtraction it should be proceeded in the same manner, except thatafter setting up the subtrahend the crank should be turned backwardinstead of forward.

In multiplication the multiplicand is set up by moving the pointers h tothe corresponding figures. Then the crank is turned so many times as theunits-figure of the multiplier indicates, this number of times beingautomatically controlled by the corresponding figure-disk on thecontrolling-axle. Then the carriage is moved a step to the right, andthe crank is turned so many times as the tensigure of the multiplierdesignates. The carriage is then moved a further step to the right andthe crank turned, as indicated by the hundreds-gnre of the multiplier,and so on for every figure of the multiplier. The product will be seenin the usual apertures.

In division, first the dividend is set up and caused to appear in theusual apertures. This is accomplishedby any suitable means, which I donot consider of such importance to show,

in order to evitate the appearance of figure l in thequotient-apertures. Then the pointers 71, are moved to the figuresindicated by the divisor, and the carriage is moved so that the firstfigure of the dividend comes right opposite the first figure of thedivisor. If the part of the dividend thus lying opposite the divisor issmaller than the latter, the carriage must be moved a step to the left.Then the crank is turned backward until the rest of the part of thedividend thus diminished is less than the divisor. Now the carriage ismoved a step to the left and the crank is turned again until the newrest is smaller than the divisor, and so on until the rest ofthe wholedividend is smaller than the divisor. If after any of these movements ofthe carriage the part of the dividend being opposite the divisor is frombeginning less than the latter, then the crank should not be turned inthis position of the carriage, but the carriage should be moved a newstep until said part of the dividend is not smaller than the divisor.

When setting up the dividend by means of turnable knobs, as statedabove, the carriage should be lifted or displaced a little in order thatthe carrying-wheels may not be acted upon.

In subtraction and division it often happens that the operator frominadvertency moves the crank forward instead of backward, and inmultiplication it often occurs that the operator moves the crank, forinstance, seven and one-half turns instead of seven turns, so that thecrank must be moved in the opposite direction for compensating suchfault. If such backward movement of the crank begins ere the crank hasreached the starting-point, the result often will be wrong when usingmachines of hithertoknown construction. In operating on such machines ittherefore will be necessary to first complete the wrong turn ere thecrank is moved in the opposite direction. This enervating attentivenessis not necessary when using the new machine, as a wrong turn may bestopped at any point and the crank drawn back Without incurring the riskof Wrong result.

Although the described means for bringing the movable cogs in and outofworking position is very suitable, I do not wish to limit myself to thisconstruction, as any other means accomplishing the same effect may alsobe used.

I claim- 1. A calculating-machine, the combination of a series ofdriving-wheels fixed to a crankaxle, a series of controlling-wheelsloosely mounted on another axle parallel to the crankaxle and adapted toengage with movable teeth on the driving-Wheels, a series ofintermediate wheels loosely mounted on a third parallel axle and meshingwith the controlling-wheels, and a series of carrying-wheels looselymounted on a fourth parallel axle and adapted to engage with fixed teethon. the

IOO

IIO

driving-wheels after having been turned a little by means of theintermediate wheels, said carrying-wheels acting upon the nextcontrolling-Wheel substantially as set forth.

2. A calculating-machinehavingfourseries of wheels (viz. driving,controlling, intermediate and carrying wheels) on four parallel axles,two of which (viz. controlling and intermediate) are mounted in amovable carriage, the carrying-Wheels having teeth disposed in groupsseparated by wide spaces, so that said wheels cannot be turned directlyby the driving-wheels unless iirst acted upon indirectly by means of theintermediate wheels and thereby brought into working position.

3. Acalculating-machine having four parallel series of wheels (calleddriving, controlling, intermediate and carrying Wheels), thedriving-wheels having two series of fixed teeth adapted to engage withthe carrying-wheels, the last tooth in each series being enlarged inperipherical direction and preferably common to both series,substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

4c. A calculating-machine consisting of driving-wheels with two seriesof iixed teeth and one series of movable teeth,controllingwheels adaptedto engage with said movable teeth when these are brought into workingposition,

3o intermediate wheels meshing with said controlling-wheels, andcarrying-wheels having teeth disposed in groups and provided with twotappets each having an arm for each group of teeth, the one tappet beingacted upon by a tappet fixed to the corresponding intermediate wheel forbringing the carryingwheel in working position, so that it may be actedupon by the fixed teeth of the correspondingdriving-wheel and thusturned a distance corresponding to a group of teetl1,whe1'e by the othertappet is caused to act upon the nextintermediate Wheel or upon a wheeliiXed to the same for performing the carrying,7 said machine havingmeans for stopping the movement of the Wheels and for showing the resultof the operation, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

5. A calculating-machine having drivingwheels provided with fixed teethand movable teeth, the latter consisting of levers turnable in axialplanes and acted upon by concentric ribs for bringing the same into orout of working position.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my name in the presence of twosubscribing witnesses.

IVAR HULTMAN.

Vitnesses:

L. HOWELL, J. A. G. WEDELIN.

